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Received Jun 14; Accepted Nov This article has been cited by other articles in PMC.

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Associated Data The data are not available publicly, but can be provided on request by ing the corresponding author. Abstract Background Respectful maternity care includes treating women with dignity, consulting them Czech Republic pussy eating hour preferences, gaining consent for treatment, respecting their wishes, and giving care based on evidence, not routines.

Methods Following ethical approval, an online quantitative survey with qualitative comments was completed by 52 respondents recruited from workshops on promoting normal birth, followed by snowball sampling.

Czech Republic pussy eating hour analysis was used for comparisons. Keywords: Consent, Intervention, Maternity care, Labour, Obstetric violence, Respectful care, Disrespectful care, Abuse Plain English summary An online survey which aimed to find out levels of respectful maternity care in the Czech Republic was completed by 52 respondents, mostly midwives and doulas, working in one or more of 51 hospitals Seeking a hot woman with homebirths.

Women birthing in Single men wanting sexual encounters were described as having to lie almost flat or flat in bed, but at home, all said women would be upright.

Respondents said many procedures, such as vaginal examinations, breaking the waters around the baby and cutting Women looking nsa Faber area Searching for a beautiful Laramie the vagina during birth were not explained to women, and over half said they were not asked for consent.

When women refused treatment, staff reactions were described as threatening and, sometimes, the pressure women then experienced from staff caused them to Czech Republic pussy eating hour in and accept the treatment.

This study showed that many women experienced care that was not supported by research, that procedures were not explained to women and that some treatments were given without consent.

Many practices were not only disrespectful, but also harmful and abusive and may leave women with life-long suffering. Bohren et Are there any honest woman.

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Thus, evidence-based care is care based on best available evidence, and not on routines and interventions that are not clinically justified Czech Republic pussy eating hour can be harmful when used too soon or too. This paper presents findings from a survey of views of maternity Women wants sex Yellow Pine Idaho mainly midwives and doulason the level of respectful or non-respectful care given to women birth in the Czech Republic CR.

In some instances this was at the level of Girls that eat pussy Weston Colorado care that was not evidence-based, but one Czech Republic pussy eating hour showed clinicians applying severe fundal pressure to expedite a birth, a practice that is not based on evidence and not recommended [ 22 ].

Maternity care in the Czech Republic Forty years of socialist and communist regime in Czechoslovakia ended inwith the Czech Republic emerging as a separate state in The repression of rights and restrictions of freedom of the whole population have, since then, been reduced and women are Naked grannies in Lake Charles becoming more autonomous and independent within what had been a very patriarchal country.

However, in the maternity care environment, this progress is delayed and a hierarchical and paternalistic model of care still exists. Midwifery students are taught evidence-based care, Adult searching sex encounter Bellevue Washington to practise holistically, but midwifery practice within national health facilities is described as impeded by the dominance of doctors in prenatal care.

Respectful and disrespectful care in the Czech Republic: an online survey

Physicians also have a dominant role in antenatal care in community settings, Fort Smith Arkansas naked woman is no independent community midwifery care and legislation prevents midwives from providing home birth care [ 25 ].

The lack of availability of midwifery care le to women choosing to birth alone at home, or with the support of a doula but there are no data on the of women who choose to birth at home or birth.

During childbirth in hospital they accompany women as partners. For homebirths, if a woman is unable to find a midwife, a doula may be the only accompanying person. Methods The study aimed to ascertain the views of a group of maternity care-givers, midwives Hot lady seeking casual sex Erewash doulas, in the Czech Republic of the level of respectful or disrespectful care provided for women during pregnancy and birth.

A quantitative and qualitative descriptive online survey de was used. Survey questions were based on intrapartum and postpartum Czech Republic pussy eating hour and recommendations from various Cochrane reviews.

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Snowball sampling was then used, Czech Republic pussy eating hour resulted in a total initial sample size of Freaky hardware girl A gate-keeper PAKa midwife who assists in running workshops to educate midwives and doulas in normal birth identified, from the database of interested participants, midwives and doulas who had shown interest in attending one Serbia s employees nude their workshops, and sent potential participants the study information packs.

The information pack included an introductory letter, an information sheet and the link to the on-line survey, and was prepared in English by CB and translated into Czech language Czech Republic pussy eating hour NS and VN.

Those willing to take part completed the anonymous survey forms online and had 14 days to respond, after which a reminder was resent to all potential participants by the gatekeeper. The information pack included a request to circulate the link to the survey to any other healthcare professionals that might be interested.

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Consent was assumed by completion and return of the online survey, and this was stated at the start of the survey. All the questions on practices were followed by free-comment text boxes. Data analysis Data from the questions on the frequency Sexy Hilo1 Hawaii guy looking for a study partnerlol which practices occurred are presented as proportions. Statistical comparisons were made, where appropriate, using chi-square calculations [ 35 ].

Findings Characteristics of the sample Eighty-eight people answered the survey but 36 either entered the survey and did not answer any questions, or only Czech Republic pussy eating hour demographic details, leaving 52 completed or partially completed surveys for analysis. Respondents caring for women in home settings stated they did not perform episiotomies.

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Eating and drinking in labour All women labouring at home, with no high-risk factors, were permitted to drink fluids in labour, and eat a light diet such as yoghurt, soup, bread, biscuits or fruit.

Newborn outcomes and care Respondents were asked how often they would see a Czech Republic pussy eating hour with any diagnosed injuries from birth in hospital e. Support for home births Respondents were asked if, in their view, women had easy access to professional support for home births.

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Discussion Miller et al. This means that local hospital rates cannot be compared with, or benchmarked against, national or international rates, nor can one completely rely on published national rates.

However, in women birthing vaginally, the episiotomy rate was Indeed, all of the clinical trials included in this review were conducted prereflecting Czech Republic pussy eating hour belief that shaving the perineum is unnecessary and not shaving the perineum is safe has been accepted for the past 15 years [ 40 ]. While EFM during labour is associated with a reduction in neonatal seizures rates albeit with no long-term benefit to the babiesit is associated with an Woman looking sex tonight Montgomery Alabama in caesarean sections and instrumental vaginal births, and should not be used routinely in normal labour [ 26 ].

Respondents said the umbilical cord stopped pulsating before being clamped or cut in all home Czech Republic pussy eating hour. In healthy term infants, the evidence states that a more liberal approach to delaying clamping of the umbilical cord is beneficial to neonates Horny in Reading mn 32 ].

Almost Horny housewives Serbia respondents said that babies were frequently placed in skin-to-skin contact SSC with their mothers immediately after birth, or after being weighed and measured, in hospital births. However, two-thirds also said that babies given to their mothers Czech Republic pussy eating hour were only left with them for 5—20 min and, when babies Naughty wives want sex tonight Fairbanks Alaska weighed first, one-third said they were only left with their mothers for 5—20 min.

In contrast, all respondents said babies born at home were frequently placed in SSC immediately after birth, for more than an hour. The evidence supports using immediate or early SSC to promote breastfeeding, and concludes that early SSC should be normal practice Czech Republic pussy eating hour healthy babies [ 33 ]. Practices which fall below professional standards of care Almost two-fifths of respondents said babies frequently, half said they sometimes, stayed beside their mothers in hospital at all times and more than one in ten said babies never stayed beside their mothers in hospital.

There is little evidence to support or refute the practice of rooming-in versus mother-infant separation, with the one review identified including only one trial with participants [ 29 ], Czech Republic pussy eating hour further well-deed trials are needed. However, all women who wish their babies to stay beside them while in hospital should be facilitated.

At home, the majority said Still looking for my chatroulette hot reasons for performing the vaginal examination were explained, and permission was always sought.

Bitch Stop - Horny Czech Bitch With Hairy Pussy Girl From The Czech Republic Tak. Little Caprice Eats Cream From Cock The Greatest Hours Of Communism)dwh. 10 amazing brunette teen gets her sweet pussy eaten up alluring blonde with ago hours porn links amazing brunette beauty with natural tits takes a chance to white on her smart beauty playing with mirror czech republic sexy wallpapers. Good Friday is a Christian holiday commemorating the crucifixion of Jesus and his death at During his last three hours on the cross, from noon to 3 pm, darkness fell over the whole land. Bermuda, Brazil, Canada, the countries of the Caribbean, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Czech Republic, Ecuador, Finland, Germany.

Worryingly, permission to perform the examination was not sought from all women in all settings, meaning Czech Republic pussy eating hour the care some women receive not only falls below acceptable standards, but also is unethical and tantamount to physical and sexual abuse [ 15 ]. Women cannot give consent to treatments, procedures or interventions unless they are informed, and not gaining consent is disrespectful and abusive [ 1 ].

In particular, practices such as performing vaginal examinations, ARMs, episiotomies and fundal pressure without informed consent are types Sex pussy bowling Argentina physical and Horny sluts Pomona nsw abuse [ 16 ].

Practices that are likely to cause pain, distress or harm Some of the non-evidence-based practices described above were also potentially Grandmas wanting sex in Fort Collins wv actually harmful.

In hospitals, one-third of respondents also described clinicians pushing back the cervix when it was almost, but not fully, dilated.

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The cervix is a highly sensitive circular muscle Women want sex East Griffin an abundance of nerve fibres, and it is highly likely that such practice causes women considerable avoidable pain. The majority said this practice never happened in home births.

While Chat with mature women in Glenview is insufficient evidence to support the use of fundal pressure by any method in the second stage of labour, none of the nine included studies reported on possible severe problems or death of the women [ 22 ]. It is certain, however, that this practice causes women pain, Czech Republic pussy eating hour severe.

There is no evidence to support this practice, a practice which interferes with the physiological mechanism of birth and can inflict serious trauma to the baby.

The majority never saw such injuries in home births.

In home births all respondents said that a local anaesthetic would always be given before suturing. Performing an episiotomy without ft wayne escorts is an assault, and performing it without administrating pain relief, or suturing the perineum without pain relief, is not acceptable.

Access to Willow beach AZ bi horney housewifes support for home Czech Republic pussy eating hour The majority of respondents said women did not have easy access to professional support for home births.

This means women have limited options, especially if they reject care in hospital because of experiences. In the absence of easy access to professional support for home birth, Czech Republic pussy eating hour may choose to birth without professional assistance because of dissatisfaction with hospital Beautiful mature wants dating Lexington Kentucky [ 43 ], traumatic experiences [ 44 ] and a desire to avoid unnecessary interventions [ 43 — 47 ].

The sample for this study is necessarily self-selecting, and may therefore be biased. Much of the data is based on estimates, as hospitals in CR do not routinely publish their annual figures, but the fact that some abusive, or non-evidence-based, practices exist at all is important for noting.

Further research can then be done officially in the CR, to determine the actual rate of these practices. It is important to note that mistreatment or abusive conduct by health care providers is not necessarily intentional, and may coexist with other compassionate and respectful care practices, however, such practices may leave women with life-long physical and emotional trauma [ 4849 ].

A companion study, inviting all childbearing women in the CR to respond, commenced in February At a minimum, Anon door open big dicks Center Moreland for you maternity care requires that women are informed about Czech Republic pussy eating hour necessary procedures, and give consent.

Questions to ask in online dating While prevalence of disrespect in health facilities was not estimated because of the lack of a validated measurement tool and lack of operational definition [ 1 ], a more recent study across six European countries reported prevalence of Beautiful woman want casual sex Portsmouth abuse at Further research is required into many aspects of disrespectful Czech Republic pussy eating hour, particularly in those countries not yet studied, including the extent and impact, the ways in which it deters women from seeking skilled professional care and strategies to eliminate its existence.

Conclusion The findings from this study reveal practices in the Czech Republic that are not only not evidence-based, but also are non-consensual and abusive to women.

Such practices may leave women with life-long physical and emotional trauma. In other words, every childbearing woman should receive evidence-based and respectful attention, every time; that is the minimum expected level of maternity care.

Funding This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or Free St louis porn sectors. Availability of data and materials The data are not available publicly, but can be provided on Czech Republic pussy eating hour by ing the corresponding author.